Norris:  I could not agree more, and considering some advancements such as membrane capactitive deionization, softening and general lowering of TDS takes place, with minimal intervention, no bulk reagents, modest electrical requirements, and some PM such as cleaning with citric acid.  The only solute not removed is silica.  Cost of capital equipment for this for large cooling demand applications may be considerably higher than for a clarifier/lime handling equipment.

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Norris:  I could not agree more, and considering some advancements such as membrane capactitive deionization, softening and general lowering of TDS takes place, with minimal intervention, no bulk reagents, modest electrical requirements, and some PM such as cleaning with citric acid.  The only solute not removed is silica.  Cost of capital equipment for this for large cooling demand applications may be considerably higher than for a clarifier/lime handling equipment.