You might want to specify ...

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You might want to specify whether this is cold or hot lime/soda softening.  Some issues are common to both operations - the challenge to control lime and soda slurry concentrations on a consistent basis, the control of carryover due to flow and/or chemistry (and temperature/pressure changes in the hot system) changes, variations in raw water quality and flow, post-precipitation of calcium salts in lines and/or filter bodies, and more!

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Norris:  I could not agree more, and considering some advancements such as membrane capactitive deionization, softening and general lowering of TDS takes place, with minimal intervention, no bulk reagents, modest electrical requirements, and some PM such as cleaning with citric acid.  The only solute not removed is silica.  Cost of capital equipment for this for large cooling demand applications may be considerably higher than for a clarifier/lime handling equipment.

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