A lot of good answers and ...

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A lot of good answers and suggestions. But more details are necessary for developing a sustainable solution, e. g. volumes of the actual flows at the process limits, feed water analysis, analysis of actual blowdown, local legal frame work addressing wastewater discharge.

Reverse osmosis or  -  depending on the frame parameter  -  nanofiltration could be used for treatment of the feed water, and reverse osmosis for the treatment of the blowdown. But open channel module technology should be used, not conventional spiral wound membrane elements in order to reduce the usual problems concerning pretreatment.

There exist approved sustainable solutions. You could contact us at dr.peters.consulting@t-online.de.